Kernel Panic !

Linux mint is the Best choice among all the Linux distro and Personally i prefer everyone to use it. The User Interface of Linux mint is much similar to Windows 7 and it is highly can be customize as per our preference. It is based on Debian and much advanced than Ubuntu. I am using Linux mint from last 6
year and i had tried almost every possible tweaks on it. If your Laptop contain the best support then you can change its Desktop Environment to Plasma to get best of the best experiences. But sometime using Linux mint shows a small problem while shutting down.  If you check the log then you will find something Kernel panic. I am not pretty sure why it appears but with my research on this topic i found the best solution for this. Some time It is solved with one Technique and sometime it doesn't.  On the Forum of Ubuntu you will fine there a slight modification on GRUB and update but on my case i tried it. Actually when i use my laptop full day then it shows the freezing problem during shutdown. If you ever faced this problem then you can try the following step. 

First of all open the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and Type;

$ sudo nano /etc/default/grub

When you will type this command then,

# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
#   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" <----(HINT: It's this one!)

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"

# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console

# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux

#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"

# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"

You will be getting this Screen and You need to add the line ="quiet splash" Manually.

as you do it. Just update the GRUB typing the command

$ sudo update-grub

Next

After that you need to make a slight change on another place for that you type following command.

$ sudo nano /etc/systemd/system.conf.d/50_linuxmint.conf

then you will find 

# To override these values, create your own file in /etc/systemd/systemd.conf.d>

# Reload configuration with "sudo systemctl daemon-reload"

# Test with "systemctl show"

[Manager]

# Reduce shutdown timeout from 90s to 10s.

# If you rely on important tasks to successfully finish during the shutdown seq>

DefaultTimeoutStopSec=100s   <-- By default it will be 10s

# Rationale:

# This is done for the following reasons:

# - 90s is too long for users to wait (they think it's hanging indefinitely, an>

# - Cups, minidlna have made this a buggy mess for years now and there's no sig>

# - This is a workaround many people have used in Mint, Ubuntu, Arch, Fedora an>

# timeout is known to possibly affect the journal, no adverse effects were repo>

# - For our audience (desktop users), this makes a lot of sense. It would be di>

# scripts to perform important tasks, but for most people this fixes a very imp>

You can see the DefaultTimeoutStopSec=10s and you need to change it to 100s.

and save it pressing Ctrl+X and press enter. You will get your Problem solved

FLATHUB

While using the Linux distro during the software installation is a coolest thing. Most of all useful software are opensource and finding the source of software is another coolest thing. Let me tell you about Flathub. Flathub is a software Installation method which let you install the software commonly all over any distribution you use. 

The General Command for Software installation is 

$ flatpak install <remotes> <ApplicationID>

Usually it is by default install on your PC but sometime is make a drama during installation. Just use following things.

Install Flatpak on Ubuntu and Linux Mint

If you are using then Linux Mint and Ubuntu has Flatpak supported by default. However, you can verify it by trying to install Flatpak again:sudo apt install flatpak

Install Flatpak on Debian, Ubuntu, Elementary OS and other Ubuntu based distributions

Debian based distros can use the official PPA to install Flatpak. Open a terminal and use the commands below:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak sudo apt update sudo apt install flatpak

Install Flatpak on Red Hat and Fedora based Linux distributions

To install Flatpak on Red Hat and Fedora, you just have to type in the following the command below:

$ sudo yum install flatpak

Install Flatpak on openSUSE

To enable Flatpak support on openSUSE based Linux distributions, use the command below:sudo zypper install flatpak

$Install Flatpak on Arch Linux

To enable Flatpak support on Arch based Linux distributions, use the command below:

$sudo pacman -S flatpak

Example:

You should note two things in the above command output. The “Application ID” and “Remotes“. You’ll need these two for installing the application.

$ flatpak install flathub org.libreoffice.LibreOffice

To Enable Flatpak application support in Software Center

Flatpak applications can be completely managed via command line. But not everyone likes using command line for installing applications and this is where enabling Flatpak support in GNOME software center will be a lifesaver.sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak

For other distributions, use the regular package installation command to install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak. Once installed, restart the Software Center or your machine.

Using Flatpak commands

Now that we have seen how to enable Flatpak support and how to install Flatpak applications, we can move forward to see Flatpak commands for complete control over package installation.

This part of the tutorial is optional and only intended for intermediate to expert users who prefer command line over GUI.

Add repositories for installing Flatpak applications

To do that, use the following command:

$flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

There could be other repositories available — check and add them as needed.

Install Flatpak applications

The generic way to install a Flatpak application from a repository is:

$ flatpak install <remotes> <ApplicationID>

For example, in the previous search command, you got the Application ID and the repository name. You can use this info to install the application in the following manner:

$ flatpak install flathub org.libreoffice.LibreOffice

Some developers provide their own repository. You can use the absolute path to the application’s flatpakref to install the application or through Flathub.

$ flatpak install --from https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.spotify.Client.flatpakref

Install Flatpak applications from flatpakref file

$ sudo apt install flatpak

Install Flatpak on Debian, Ubuntu, Elementary OS and other Ubuntu based distributions

Debian based distros can use the official PPA to install Flatpak. Open a terminal and use the commands below:

$sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexlarsson/flatpak

$sudo apt update

$sudo apt install flatpak

To install Flatpak on Red Hat and Fedora, you just have to type in the following the command below:

$sudo yum install flatpak

Install Flatpak on openSUSE

$ sudo zypper install flatpak

Install Flatpak on Arch Linux

sudo pacman -S flatpak

Enable Flatpak application support in Software Center

Use the following command:

$ sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak

Using Flatpak commands

To do that, use the following command:

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Flatpak Flathub Installation

Some developers provide their own repository. You can use the absolute path to the application’s flatpakref to install the application or through Flathub.

flatpak install --from https://flathub.org/repo/appstream/com.spotify.Client.flatpakref

To uninstall Flatpak

flatpak uninstall <ApplicationID>

Here’s how it should look like:

flatpak uninstall com.spotify.Client

Updating all Flatpak applications at once

flatpak update

Free up space by removing unused Flatpak runtimes

It would be wise to clean your system and free up space from time to time. You can remove the unused Flatpak runtimes with this command:

flatpak uninstall --unused

The above command lists the unused runtimes and gives you the option to remove them all.

ASCII Code

 

I think you have already heard about the ASCII.  ASCII is generally pronounced as Aski and the Full form of it is American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII code is generally a systematic arrangement of the Symbol and sign which we use in computers. Basically ASCII code is the product given by ANSI. The keystroke which we type with the keyboard is directly converted to ASCII.  If you open the CHARMAP, the character map then you can find all the alphabet and numbers including the signs and below of the chart you will find the shortcut code and corresponding HEX number as well. ASCII is basically 7 bit and it can generate 2^7 bit i.e. 128 Characters. Recently ASCII is 8 bit as well which is 2^8 i.e 256 .

Generally in the examination or MCQ Test, questions are being asked for the ASCII character and its Decimal and Hexadecimal Number. There is a Shortcut Trick to memorize it Quickly. There is something that we need to remember first. Like if you see the Keyboard then It basically contain followings

1 - !	4 - $	7 - &	0 - )
2 - @	5 - %	8 - *
3 - #	6 - ^	9 - (

 

Next is,

21	1	"	3	4	5	7	"	9	0	*+,-./
	!	"	#	$	%	&	"	(	)
30	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	:;<=>?
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
40	@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	[\]^_'
	@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
61	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	{|}~(space)
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i

Above table is the trick to memorize the codes.  Let me explain how it is done.

Firstly the unicode ! is started with the count of 21H. It is equivalent to the 33D. the Counting goes as 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,2A,2B,2C,2D, 2E, 2F,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37, 38,39, 3A. For the First line you need to remember as 1"34579' i.e. !"#$%&"() and for A-F it comes in the Pattern of *+,-./ 

For the 2nd Line try to remember as 40 H--> @A-Z and on the end :;<=>?

For the 3rd Line try to remember as 61H --> a-z and on the end {|}~ (space) 

the way to remember it as first make sure you count from the first unicode and try to practice the 6 sign unicodes.

If you didn't understand above table then just msg me clicking the Chat on the right corner of this page. Happy learning.

Install Linux!

May be you already heard much more about Linux and probably if you hadn't used it before then do not misunderstood it as a command line interface only or something boring shit. Let me tell you something about Linux. Linux is actually a kernel.  People misunderstood it as a Operating System itself. Rather than that it lets understand it in such way, Kernel is the essential core of an operating System which create the bridge relation between the applications and the hardware. The operating System which are working on the Linux kernel are called Linux operating system. Alike Linux, other operating system do have their own Kernel. i.e  Windows have it's own kernel.

Using Linux is really cool on itself. Simply it's a switching process into the freedom. Linux Operating system is an opensource OS. Opensource Software are those types of software which provide free of cost software and Its License provide us the modification permission on our favor. Let me tell you some interesting reason why we need to switch to Linux.

• Linux is Opensource.
• Linux software are free and advanced, It bear the potential to work efficiently as a commercial software.
• Linux is a freedom; Financial freedom, Technically freedom and You can modify it as your flavor. 
• Linux is universal and It is Most secure OS regarding the Windows. 
• Several Penetration Testing is done with the help of Linux and The best part of it is Computer virus do not affect it. It doesn't required the Antivirus
• Most of all popular website like Google, amazon etc are using the Linux for their Server. Mostly Servers are handled by Linux Os.  

Lets have a overview on How to switch on Linux. First you decide which disto of Linux you want to install on your PC. You can click the DOWNLOAD link here.

If you are not pretty sure on the choice you can move to Linux mint. Linux mint is one of the best experience on the Linux. It's GUI is much more similar to the windows but customization of its is far more than Windows. You can follow the following step to install the Linux mint.

1. Download the .ISO file from any website which you would like to install.
2. Make a pen drive ready and format it. 
3. Download any tool like RUFUS or POWERISO to make pendrive bootable.
4. Once the tool is ready just make the Pendrive bootable and boot it from Laptop recovery and install the Linux. 
5. Calculation of Partition.
   Suppose if Your PC have the storage of 1TB then you can partition it as follows
   
   SWAP memory: RAM SIZE *2
   (if your PC have 4 GB RAM then 4*2=8GB i.e 8000MB)
   
   ROOT / : 50 GB
   (50GB~ 50000MB)
   
   BOOT/ : 2 GB
   
   EFI : 1GB
   (1GB~1000MB)
   
   /home: 600 GB
   (It depends on you how much you want to set for c: in Windows. i.e 600000MB)
   
   Rest you can Format for Your Storage Partition as D:/
   On this Table Starting from LHS;
   
   
   
   
   

Partition 1: Swap Memory

Partition 2:  /Boot

Partition 3: /home

Partition 4: /tmp (optional)

Partition 5: /efi
Partition 6: / (root)

Partional 7 & 8: Local disks storage Partition

This configuration is best for me. Generally Partition can be done as per our requirement but this calculation i had found with several recommendation. Till now i had already tasted most of all flavor of Linux and for this purpose i had my backup on Local disk and rest were destroyed on C:, As a conclusion i got LINUX MINT as the best among the best. 

You can try it own and if you faced any problem then let me know. Since my Chat is on your right corner feel free to talk. Happy Learning. 

Computer Training at home!

Typing fast and operating the Office packages is really important on current situation. But a lot of people are not finding the proper way to practices. Today I am going to share what is the best way to make yourself practices on the computer.  If you will try to follow it then i can assure you that you wouldn't need any facilitator or instructor for the computer practices. Just you need to follow followings steps.

1. Typing Practices
   
   
   

   
   If you are not confident on typing and you want to develop your typing skill then I would like to share something. You need to type a line frequently as much you can. As per my opinion if you will practices 15 Minute daily then your typing skill will be really fast and advance. 

   The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog. 

   
   
   
   The line above is a line that cover A-Z all characters and the Capital Letter on each word will make you practices for the Shift Key Combination. Just remember that the key combination of  punctual keys are as ? . , respectively from right to left on the right side. That means Little finger will touch the '?', Right Ring finger touch '.' and Middle finger touch the ','.   
   
   The above picture is for the practices for the number row Practices. You need to type it with the respective fingers. First you can practices with your mobile number or Bank Account number. If you will type the bank account or any long number that you need to memorize then this is the best way to practices for the both reason.

2. Mouse Practices
   There are a lot of ways to make practices for mouse. On my Way you can follow the easy step. You just need to workout on Ms Paint. Just open the Ms Paint and use brush tool to fill the screen first and after filling the screen use eraser tool to erase all. Just Practices once to fill with Bush tool And Practices to Wipe off the screen. It will increase your Smooth Mouse operation. 
3. Word Processor Practices
   If you do not have good Practices with Word processor like Ms. Word, Open Office, Libre office Writer etc then you can make best practices typing a Letter. The Sample of Letter is given Below.
   
   
   2020/01/01

   To, 

   The Manager,

   Smartliving Nepal

   Subject: The Test Application

   Sir/Madam,

   I am Practicing The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog ,is it good way? I am Practicing it 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 hundred times. I know 1+1=10 on Binary and 1-1=0 on all Case. /~ is a Current Directory on Linux. I knew \ and / are different and I can solve 1+[1+{1+(1+1)}]. 

   
   

   Yours Sincerely

   my_name_is@gmail.com
4. Excel Practices
   You can Practices the excel yourself and its really easy as you practices it few times. Some useful Formula is given here.

Above Picture is a sample of Excel  and the formula. The thing you need to understand about the excel logic is very simple. If you are using the Statement of IF then Make sure it have a Syntax as . {If(Operation, Positve Result, Negetive result} 

i.e If a=b then tell it is equall other wise tell it not equall,

=if(a1=b1,"Equal","Not Equal")

Here If is the comparison and a1=b2 it is working argument and Equal is the first positive result. i.e If condition is true then it comes as result, second part will tell if the first statement is not true then what ever will be there comes out.  

Nepali Typing

Nepali typing is Most Crucial Topic if you are From Nepal. Actually there are two types of Nepali Typing Method. If you are typing on Mobile or Browser Based device then you need to go for the Nepali Unicode. If you are typing it on a Document like Microsoft word or any text editor then you need to work with fonts. There are several fonts available on the internet for the Nepali typing. I do suggest you to choose Either PREETI Font or SHANGRILA NUMERIC for the Nepali Typing.  For the Best Typing practices you can practices following line to make yourself Excellence.  You might Get it ridiculous but trust me it is a life hack for Nepali Typing. 

श्री पञ्चमी तिथिमा उठी, चोखो भई जनै आङमा धारण गरेपछि क्षेत्रियहरुको संहारक ऋषि पर्शुरामले डमरु घण्ट बजाउदै फल चढाई ज्ञानकि देवी सम्झिए |

Happy Learning..

Let me know how much effective my idea is , I will be waiting for your feedback. You can contact me directly by pressing on the Chat icon on Right corner.