Architecture identifiers

While Choosing the distro you need to select some architecture then. You need to know about it. These are architecture identifiers that specify the type of CPU architecture and instruction set used by a system. Each corresponds to a different hardware or processor family. Here's a brief explanation of each:

1. amd64

• Architecture: 64-bit x86
• Description: Designed for 64-bit processors, initially developed by AMD, but also used by Intel.
• Usage: Most modern PCs and servers.

2. arm64

• 
  Architecture: 64-bit ARM
• Description: Refers to 64-bit ARM processors (also known as AArch64).
• Usage: Modern ARM-based devices like smartphones, tablets, and some servers (e.g., Apple M1/M2 chips).
  

3. armel

• 
  Architecture: ARM (32-bit, little-endian, soft float)
• Description: Used for older or embedded ARM systems, supporting software floating-point operations.
  
• Usage: Embedded devices or legacy ARM platforms.

4. armhf

• 
  Architecture: ARM (32-bit, hard float)
• Description: Supports hardware floating-point operations.
  
• Usage: Raspberry Pi and other ARM-based systems.

5. i386

• 
  Architecture: 32-bit x86
• Description: Refers to 32-bit Intel processors starting with the 80386 (introduced in 1985).
  
• Usage: Older PCs and systems still running 32-bit operating systems.

6. mips64el

• 
  Architecture: 64-bit MIPS, little-endian
• Description: A 64-bit version of the MIPS architecture in little-endian byte order.
  
• Usage: Network devices, embedded systems, or specialized hardware.

7. mipsel

• Architecture: 32-bit MIPS, little-endian
• Description: A 32-bit version of the MIPS architecture in little-endian byte order.
  
• Usage: Older embedded systems and routers.

8. ppc64el

• Architecture: 64-bit PowerPC, little-endian
• Description: A version of the PowerPC architecture for 64-bit systems in little-endian byte order.
  
• Usage: IBM POWER servers.

9. s390x

• Architecture: IBM z/Architecture (64-bit)
• Description: A 64-bit architecture used by IBM mainframes.
  
• Usage: Enterprise and high-performance computing environments.

Summary Table:

Identifier	Architecture	Key Use Case
amd64	64-bit x86	Most PCs and servers
arm64	64-bit ARM	Modern ARM-based devices
armel	32-bit ARM	Older/embedded ARM systems (soft float)
armhf	32-bit ARM	Raspberry Pi and newer ARM systems (hard float)
i386	32-bit x86	Older PCs and systems
mips64el	64-bit MIPS	Specialized network/embedded devices (little-endian)
mipsel	32-bit MIPS	Embedded systems (little-endian)
ppc64el	64-bit PowerPC	IBM POWER servers
s390x	64-bit IBM	Mainframe computing

GIS (Geographic Information System)

  

GIS stands for Geographic Information System. It is a system designed to capture, store, manage, analyze, and present spatial or geographic data. GIS combines hardware, software, and data to provide a wide range of capabilities for understanding and working with geographic information.

Here are some key components and concepts related to GIS:

• Spatial Data: GIS is primarily concerned with spatial or geographic data, which includes information tied to specific geographic locations on the Earth's surface. This data can be in the form of points, lines, polygons, and raster images.

  GIS system maintains spatial data & attribute data. Spatial data (where)

  • specifies location
  • stored in a shape file, geo-database. 
    
• 
  Hardware: GIS systems often require specialized hardware, including computers with sufficient processing power, storage capacity, and display capabilities. In some cases, specialized input devices like GPS receivers and digitizers are used to collect spatial data.
• Software: GIS software is used to create, edit, analyze, and visualize geographic data. Popular GIS software packages include ArcGIS, QGIS, and Google Earth.
• Data: Geographic data is at the core of GIS. This data can come from various sources, including surveys, remote sensing, GPS devices, and existing databases. GIS can integrate data from different sources into a unified system.
• Data Layers: In GIS, data is organized into layers, each representing a specific type of geographic information. For example, a GIS project might have separate layers for roads, land parcels, rivers, and population data.
• Spatial Analysis: One of the primary functions of GIS is to perform spatial analysis. This includes operations like buffering, overlaying, proximity analysis, and spatial modeling to gain insights from geographic data.
• Map Production: GIS is often used for map production and cartography. It allows users to create maps with various symbols, labels, and thematic representations to convey spatial information effectively.
• Geocoding: GIS can convert addresses or place names into geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) or locate addresses based on coordinates. This is known as geocoding and is useful for tasks like mapping and navigation.
• Remote Sensing: GIS can incorporate data from remote sensing technologies such as satellites, aerial photography, and drones. This data provides valuable information about the Earth's surface.
• 
  Spatial Queries: GIS enables users to perform spatial queries, allowing them to retrieve specific geographic information based on criteria like location or attributes. For example, finding all the schools within a certain distance of a park.
• Visualization: GIS software provides tools for visualizing geographic data through maps, charts, and 3D models. Visualization aids in better understanding and decision-making.
• Decision Support: GIS is used in various fields, including urban planning, natural resource management, environmental monitoring, transportation, and emergency response, to support decision-making processes by providing spatial insights.

GIS has a wide range of applications in both the public and private sectors, and its versatility makes it a valuable tool for managing and analyzing geographic information to solve complex spatial problems.

Attribute (descriptive) data (what, how much,when)

• specifies characteristics at that location, natural or human-created.
  
• stored in a database table .

Advantages of GIS

• Effective Planning
• Better Information Management
• Enhanced Mapping Capabilities
• Improved Communication
• Manage Natural Resources
• Efficient Design
• Better Marketing Planning
• Optimise Public Transportation
• Scientific research employs GIS 
• Asset Management etc.

There are several GIS software packages available, ranging from open-source and free options to commercial solutions. The choice of GIS software often depends on the specific needs of the user or organization, as well as factors like budget and available resources. Here are some of the most popular GIS software options as of my last knowledge update in September 2021:

ArcGIS:

Developed by Esri, ArcGIS is one of the most widely used commercial GIS software packages. It offers a comprehensive suite of tools for data creation, analysis, visualization, and management. ArcGIS includes desktop, web, and mobile applications.

QGIS (Quantum GIS):

QGIS is a free, open-source GIS software that is powerful and user-friendly. It has a large and active community of users and developers, which has led to the creation of numerous plugins and extensions. QGIS is available on multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux.

GRASS GIS:

Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS GIS) is an open-source GIS software package known for its advanced geospatial analysis capabilities. It is particularly popular in the scientific and research communities.

MapInfo Professional:

MapInfo Professional is a commercial GIS software known for its ease of use and is often used for business and location-based analytics. It provides tools for mapping, analysis, and data visualization.

Global Mapper:

Global Mapper is a user-friendly GIS software that combines spatial data management with analysis and visualization capabilities. It supports a wide range of data formats and includes 3D visualization tools.

Google Earth Pro:

Google Earth Pro is a free desktop application that offers basic GIS functionality, including the ability to import and visualize geographic data. It is user-friendly and widely used for educational and basic mapping purposes.

PostGIS:

PostGIS is not standalone GIS software but rather a spatial database extension for PostgreSQL. It adds spatial data capabilities to the PostgreSQL relational database, making it a powerful choice for those who need to manage and analyze geospatial data within a database environment.

Mapbox:

Mapbox provides tools and services for building custom maps and applications. It's commonly used for web and mobile mapping applications, allowing developers to create interactive maps with custom styles and data.

OpenLayers:

OpenLayers is an open-source JavaScript library for building web-based maps and GIS applications. It provides a framework for displaying and interacting with maps in web browsers.

GeoServer:

GeoServer is an open-source server software that allows users to publish and share geospatial data over the internet using various standards like WMS, WFS, and WCS.

These are just a few examples, and there are many other GIS software packages available, each with its own strengths and focus areas. The choice of GIS software depends on your specific needs, budget, and familiarity with the software. 

Android on Virtual Box

Installing android on PC is really helpful on some case when you are testing app or any reason you want to run the app. If you need more than one device along with the device you have on your hand is create a virtual device. It would be the best way to run the app.

To solve this problem you can create a virtual device on your pc using the virtual box. You can download the android x86 os on your pc or virtual box to make this happen.

Just follow the few steps to create it.

1. Download the Disk image from THIS LINK. this will take you to the  URL https://www.android-x86.org/
2. Then Download the Virtual Box using THIS LINK or https://www.virtualbox.org/
3. Then Create a Virtual Machine using Followings:
   Name: Android (anything you wish)
   Machine Folder: (Leave default)
   Type: Linux
   Version: Other 64-bit
   
4. Then Link the image file on the machine as you start
   
   
5. Give put desirable amount of RAM. I think 4096 MB is enough for 4GB.
6. Create a virtual Hard Disk
7. Then Choose the Hard Disk File type as VDI (Virtual Box Disk Image)
   
   
8. Storage on physical hard disk 'Dynamically allocated'
9. File location and size around 32 GB

Now the time has come to run the Virtual device,

Go to settings and adjust the followings,

• SYSTEM 
• Motherboard
• Pointing Device> PS/2 Mouse
• Processor
• Processor(s) : 4
• DISPLAY
• Screen
• Video Memory: 128 MB
• Graphics Controller: VBoxVGA
• Acceleration: Tik the Enable 3D acceleration

Then Click OK and save it.

Next, Load the Downloaded iso file and run the machine.

As the machine runs the Go to Advance Option.

> Advance Option

    >Auto _Installation-Auto Install to specified Hard disk 

        >Auto Installer Option (YES)

            >Run Android-X86

If you have a fucing Fate then a black screen with console# may appear or it will stuck then you need to close the virtual box and Power off the machine.

Start the Machine again and Go to Advance Option and Boot from the Local drive.

    >Hovering the first option press 'e'

then replace this line 

grub edit> kernel /android-9.0-r2.kernel force root=/de/ram0 S><dev/ram0 SRC=/android-9.0-r2

into

grub edit> kernel /android-9.0-r2.kernel nomdeset xforcevesa root=/de/ram0 S><dev/ram0 SRC=/android-9.0-r2

Then press enter and press 'b'

Now your machine is ready to run.

Computer Training at home!

Typing fast and operating the Office packages is really important on current situation. But a lot of people are not finding the proper way to practices. Today I am going to share what is the best way to make yourself practices on the computer.  If you will try to follow it then i can assure you that you wouldn't need any facilitator or instructor for the computer practices. Just you need to follow followings steps.

1. Typing Practices
   
   
   

   
   If you are not confident on typing and you want to develop your typing skill then I would like to share something. You need to type a line frequently as much you can. As per my opinion if you will practices 15 Minute daily then your typing skill will be really fast and advance. 

   The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog. 

   
   
   
   The line above is a line that cover A-Z all characters and the Capital Letter on each word will make you practices for the Shift Key Combination. Just remember that the key combination of  punctual keys are as ? . , respectively from right to left on the right side. That means Little finger will touch the '?', Right Ring finger touch '.' and Middle finger touch the ','.   
   
   The above picture is for the practices for the number row Practices. You need to type it with the respective fingers. First you can practices with your mobile number or Bank Account number. If you will type the bank account or any long number that you need to memorize then this is the best way to practices for the both reason.

2. Mouse Practices
   There are a lot of ways to make practices for mouse. On my Way you can follow the easy step. You just need to workout on Ms Paint. Just open the Ms Paint and use brush tool to fill the screen first and after filling the screen use eraser tool to erase all. Just Practices once to fill with Bush tool And Practices to Wipe off the screen. It will increase your Smooth Mouse operation. 
3. Word Processor Practices
   If you do not have good Practices with Word processor like Ms. Word, Open Office, Libre office Writer etc then you can make best practices typing a Letter. The Sample of Letter is given Below.
   
   
   2020/01/01

   To, 

   The Manager,

   Smartliving Nepal

   Subject: The Test Application

   Sir/Madam,

   I am Practicing The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog ,is it good way? I am Practicing it 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 hundred times. I know 1+1=10 on Binary and 1-1=0 on all Case. /~ is a Current Directory on Linux. I knew \ and / are different and I can solve 1+[1+{1+(1+1)}]. 

   
   

   Yours Sincerely

   my_name_is@gmail.com
4. Excel Practices
   You can Practices the excel yourself and its really easy as you practices it few times. Some useful Formula is given here.

Above Picture is a sample of Excel  and the formula. The thing you need to understand about the excel logic is very simple. If you are using the Statement of IF then Make sure it have a Syntax as . {If(Operation, Positve Result, Negetive result} 

i.e If a=b then tell it is equall other wise tell it not equall,

=if(a1=b1,"Equal","Not Equal")

Here If is the comparison and a1=b2 it is working argument and Equal is the first positive result. i.e If condition is true then it comes as result, second part will tell if the first statement is not true then what ever will be there comes out.  

Nepali Typing

Nepali typing is Most Crucial Topic if you are From Nepal. Actually there are two types of Nepali Typing Method. If you are typing on Mobile or Browser Based device then you need to go for the Nepali Unicode. If you are typing it on a Document like Microsoft word or any text editor then you need to work with fonts. There are several fonts available on the internet for the Nepali typing. I do suggest you to choose Either PREETI Font or SHANGRILA NUMERIC for the Nepali Typing.  For the Best Typing practices you can practices following line to make yourself Excellence.  You might Get it ridiculous but trust me it is a life hack for Nepali Typing. 

श्री पञ्चमी तिथिमा उठी, चोखो भई जनै आङमा धारण गरेपछि क्षेत्रियहरुको संहारक ऋषि पर्शुरामले डमरु घण्ट बजाउदै फल चढाई ज्ञानकि देवी सम्झिए |

Happy Learning..

Let me know how much effective my idea is , I will be waiting for your feedback. You can contact me directly by pressing on the Chat icon on Right corner. 

Podcast !

Time is really dynamic and it never remain the same. Each time there were different era. There was time for a Radio, and later it was substituted by Television. Not only for the entertaining purpose, for the sake of information and advertisement the desire and the craze on it grew faster as a result people preferred to chose Visual rather than Audio only. 

As I told earlier, Time is really dynamic and the trend created by Television is currently lead by a mobile phone and the that is the future. Now a days people are really busy. There is no time to wait for the series of film or serials. The advertisement will no longer done on Television as before. So for the replacement of Movies DVD, there is the best place as Netflix and YouTube. But Did you ever expected that the Radio could regenerate its trend again?

Podcast is the future of radio series. Most of there people who don't have time to watch T.V then they could entertain by listening the podcast. Podcast are generally cast of the sound. Anything like music, Serials and episode wise any stories are available in audio as well. You can enjoy it while traveling on Bus, Car or any where. Waiting someone is really Boring, but listening the podcast on that time could really create a best taste on it.

Like, I am publishing a podcast. Its in Nepali language and for those who like to listen story I am there. You can listen my podcast any time when ever you are free. 

A lot of podcasting platform are available which are mentioned below.

1. Anchor

Anchor is one of my favorite podcasting platform which allow listen and create own podcast. It allow people to get connected with podcasting and messaging. You can create the duet on Anchor and distribute it with other Platform. 

2.Apple Podcast

Apple podcast is free app that allow you to listen on various apple devices. If you are an iphone user than you can use it on your mobile for from your app store. 

3. Breaker

Breaker is also a podcast platform which allow people to listen and create both. It create a space for the podcaster and listener both. You can enjoy the podcast here for free. It's good to have a various podcast.

4. Google Podcast

Google podcast in a platform where you can listen a lot of podcast available on internet. You can create your on listening playlist with the RSS(Resource Description Framework Site Summary ) Feeds. Its totally free and you can download your favorite series as well. You can download the app on your mobile and enjoy it. 

5. Pocketcast

Pocket cast is another podcasting platform where you can enjoy the various casts. Its available clicking the title of it.

6. Radiopublic

It is also another podcast platform where you can listen a lot of podcasts opening it. Its free to enjoy the podcast, Visit the link to enjoy.

Online Course free !

  Learning is a continuous process and it never finish till our life end. A lot of things we learn in our day to day living and we apply it on our upcoming days ahead. Sometime we need to learn a lot of things which have direct relation to our work, profession, business and self development. Elon musk, The futuristic, successful business magnet had quote once " I think collage is basically for the fun and to prove you can do your chores, but they are not for learning. You can learn anything for free."

I do believe its absolutely true. If you have keen interest to learn then it basically doesn't cost you. The payment what you have to make is your interest. From my side i do believe to learn new things. There are a lot for platform i had discovers on the internet which could help us to learn on what we target for. If you want to learn new skill, new knowledge and new ideas then here are some platform which you can follow today onward. You can click on the title to visit the respective website.

Alison:

Alison is web based learning platform which generally covers thousand of courses for free. You don't have to pay anything to learn from here. This is the best platform i do feel for learning. Alison Provides you the Learning verification, Certificates and track you for your learning's as well. It basically provide the survey and helps you to develop where you lack to be perfect. There are several courses that makes us perfect on a lot of field providing the lecture, assessment and final assessment. Main Feature of Alison Are:

i> Free to learn with video lectures.

ii> Daily learning calendar and dashboard

iii> Earn Medal on learning what makes you motivate

iv> Learner verification and Certificate after you finish courses

v> CV builder and integrated to social media to post your training and certificates

Cisco networking academy:

Cisco Networking academy is one of the best Online learning platform which provide the learning environment about the technology. Basically it covers study of Networking, OS & IT, Programming, Things of internet, cyber security etc. Most of people thinks they don't need to learn about the IT if they belongs from any particular profession, but learning basic about IT is really essential now a days. There is no harm on learning about IT.

Facebook blue print:

Facebook Blue print is the learning platform about the Facebook and its feature. It basically teaches how we can use Facebook professionally for the business and promotion. If you have any small business or a bigger one, Then you must learn it. It basically teach you how you can use the group, Facebook for business etc. It provide the essential knowledge of Facebook ads, messenger, Instagram, whatsapp, oculus and its applications.

Google digital garage:

Google digital garage is training provided by google about the google ads and marketing strategies. Its provide the video training and assignment and the free certification.

Google digital Unlocked:

It is also similar to the google Digital Garage and provide the certificate for the course of completion. It is easy to understand and covers the basic essential information about the marketing, use of google and search engine and its application.

Google skill shop:

Google skill shop is the online learning platform and it provide the certification of completion. It helps to learn how to use google adsense, adword, youtube, google analytics, google admob etc. When you move ahead then you will start to earn . Most of the courses provide the certification.

hp Life Global:

It is the training provided by HP(

Hewlett-Packard

). It is one of the best e learning platform that provide the knowledge of communication, innovation, finance, marketing and operation. When ever you finish the course it provide you a certificate of completion. If you are new on the computer learning, You must try it.

twitter flight school:

It is the learning platform provided by twitter. Like a facebook twitter also have its own analytics, business process, applications etc. It helps you to use twitter in professional way. For the small and both we can use the twitter as the business support. It provide the free certification.

w3schools:

W3schools is the best platform to learn Programming. It covers all the programming langauge and provide a online testing for codes. It is the best place where most of all programmers like to take help. W3schools is open learning place for the web designer, software developer, database and front end back end workers. If you are interested in programming then you could visit here. It provide the Paid certification as well.